ABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China and affected the whole world, still represents a unique global challenge with its contagiousness and lethality. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients may differ depending on the severity of the disease. According to the report published by the Ministry of Health Coronavirus Research Advisory Board on the diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19, drug combination therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir / ritonavir and favipiravir) is recommended by health authorities. Drug-drug interaction is a possible situation as a result of simultaneous use of these drugs, which are metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes (CYP), which are mostly found in the liver, with some other drugs. In this review, we aimed to show the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, especially by indicating the metabolism pathways. Result and Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects social life, economic and financial markets worldwide. Appropriate treatment protocols are of great importance but taking drug-drug interactions into account in treatment practices prevents unwanted results in patient treatment.Copyright © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China and affected the whole world, still represents a unique global challenge with its contagiousness and lethality. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients may differ depending on the severity of the disease. According to the report published by the Ministry of Health Coronavirus Research Advisory Board on the diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19, drug combination therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir / ritonavir and favipiravir) is recommended by health authorities. Drug-drug interaction is a possible situation as a result of simultaneous use of these drugs, which are metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes (CYP), which are mostly found in the liver, with some other drugs. In this review, we aimed to show the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, especially by indicating the metabolism pathways. Result and Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects social life, economic and financial markets worldwide. Appropriate treatment protocols are of great importance but taking drug-drug interactions into account in treatment practices prevents unwanted results in patient treatment.Copyright © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China and affected the whole world, still represents a unique global challenge with its contagiousness and lethality. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients may differ depending on the severity of the disease. According to the report published by the Ministry of Health Coronavirus Research Advisory Board on the diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19, drug combination therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir / ritonavir and favipiravir) is recommended by health authorities. Drug-drug interaction is a possible situation as a result of simultaneous use of these drugs, which are metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes (CYP), which are mostly found in the liver, with some other drugs. In this review, we aimed to show the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, especially by indicating the metabolism pathways. Result and Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects social life, economic and financial markets worldwide. Appropriate treatment protocols are of great importance but taking drug-drug interactions into account in treatment practices prevents unwanted results in patient treatment.Copyright © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: As the pandemic continues, different vaccine protocols have been implemented to maintain the protection of vaccines and to provide protection against new variants. The aim of this study was to assess hospitalized patients' vaccination status and document the efficacy of boosters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients that were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were enrolled from 28 hospitals in Turkey for five months from September 2021. 5,331 confirmed COVID-19 patients from collaborating centers were randomly enrolled to understand/estimate the distribution of vaccination status in hospitalized patients and to compare the efficacy of vaccination/booster protocols. RESULTS: 2,779 men and 2,552 women of which 2,408 (45.2%) were admitted to Intensive Care Units participated in this study. It was found that the highest risk reduction for all age groups was found in groups that received 4 doses. Four doses of vaccination for every 3.7 people under 50 years of age, for every 5.7 people in the 50-64 age group, and for every 4.3 people over 65 years of age will prevent 1 patient from being admitted to intensive care. Regardless of the type of vaccine, it was found that the risk of ICU hospitalization decreased in those who were vaccinated compared to those who were not vaccinated. Regardless of the type of vaccine, the ICU risk was found to decrease 1.25-fold in those who received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine, 1.18-fold in those who received 3 doses, and 3.26-fold in those who received 4 doses. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the addition of a fourth dose is more effective in preventing intensive unit care even in disadvantaged groups.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Hospitalization , Intensive Care Units , Hospitals , Critical CareABSTRACT
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China and affected the whole world, still represents a unique global challenge with its contagiousness and lethality. The symptoms of COVID-19 patients may differ depending on the severity of the disease. According to the report published by the Ministry of Health Coronavirus Research Advisory Board on the diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19, drug combination therapy (hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir / ritonavir and favipiravir) is recommended by health authorities. Drug-drug interaction is a possible situation as a result of simultaneous use of these drugs, which are metabolized by cytochrome P 450 enzymes (CYP), which are mostly found in the liver, with some other drugs. In this review, we aimed to show the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, especially by indicating the metabolism pathways. Result and Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects social life, economic and financial markets worldwide. Appropriate treatment protocols are of great importance but taking drug-drug interactions into account in treatment practices prevents unwanted results in patient treatment.